The portance of lang the Wesly make t the original page before writing a sommary The length of a summary: A summary has no fixed length. It can be half, a third, a porter of the original The length of a s ary is determined by the kind of writing eng d and the purpose for which the vary is required. Precis writing, which is a rigid
presupposes a fixed length-that is, a third of the original passage.
How to summarize:
Read the original pavage as many times as you need to, till you understand the contents well
dentify the main point or points.
Prepare notes on the paisage you have read. Ensure that all the important points are included
Leave out all irrelevant details
Write a draft summary, using the notes you have made. Once the draft summary is ready, read it to check if it is concise and clear enough.
d.
f. If not, make necessary changes. After making these changes, write the final version of the summary.
The language of a summary:
Write the summary in simple language. Avoid using the same words, phrases and expressions as those used in the text.
b. C. Substitute long phrases with shorter expressions or single-word expressions.
d. Rewrite long sentences, making them shorter
C.
Omit adjectives and adjectival expressions, if they are not absolutely necessary.
Activity 1: Mr MR. Patnaik, the Press Secretary to the Industries Minister, came across the following letter in The Times of India. Mr Patnaik went through the letter and prepared notes as in (b). Later, using his notes, he prepared a summary (c) for the Minister.
Examine the contents of the letter, the notes and the summary,
a
The letter: Eailure of Public Sector Industries
115
that the public sector industries in India are a failure. There are several contributed to the failure of these industries. Some of these
government fonds, ander the control of autonomous corporations, which far ways of functioning ie on non-business like principles. In other words, it they are not run on commercial basis. It is incorrect to believe that they ercial lines, as they have shown some profits. If rat on commercial may be said Sines, they can sew still better results. Secondly, they are generally run by bureaucrats who des et peness adequate bosings and managerial skills. The result is that there is too much that mars the efficiency of these undertakings. These undertakings can show better results, if their management is entrusted to professional managers. Thirdly, in many cases it is found that these public sector undertakings are not working to their full capacity Under-utilization of capacity can never be considered a sound commercial practice. whatever the reasons. Lastly, these undertakings, being autonomous bodies, pay high salaries and allowances to their staff. This breeds inefficiency.
Suggest that corrective measures by the Government and the industries should immediately be taken to remove these shortcomings. These measures should be taken before things go cast of control
Bandana Mishra
Talcher
Noges Failure of Public Sector Industries
1. Resist. Public Industries foul
iran by autonomous corporations on non-commercial basis
run by bureaucrats without business expertise and managerial skill most industries work below capacity
pay high salary and perks to the staff
2 Steps for improvement
Government and industries to take immediate corrective measures
The Pic the wing m They are comedy The bodies, in High walory الشيخ these shortimings kinger expresses have been replaced by shorters in the find
Ling
public sector
of cooled by autonomous Nodes
mercial basis
barcats having little business expertise
work below capacity
the Government and the
industries should take immediate steps to
remove...
poses adegute business
twinking to their full
capacity
corrective measures by the
Govenment and the indust
nies should immediately be
taken to remove
Activity 2: The editor of a leading newspaper finds the following report too long to publish. He. therefore, asks the sub-editor to cut it short so that it can be published. Imagine that you are the The report:
sub-editor Read the report and prepare a summary. Killing tracks
Every now and then, an elephant gets run over on the 100-year-old railway track bisecting UP's
Rajaji National Park. Over 20 elephants have been killed and many more maimed in the past two
decades. Unless something urgent is done about it, the poor animals in the park are sure to perish
In order to save these elephants, the railway authorities may consider implementing the following proposals
This accident-prone area within the park should be declared a caution zone. The speed of the trains in this area should be decreased. They should be allowed to run at 20 kmph. Although this
would involve an additional 20 minutes of running time, it is worth it, considering the fact that the
Note-making and Summarizing
117
track runs through a national park.
Another proposal is to sensitize the railway staff and give every train driver a high frequency whistle to alert the elephants and to keep them away from the track. Despite their huge fan-like ears, elephants can hear only high frequency sounds.
Another suggestion is to build trenches along the track to prevent elephants from walking onto the track. It is also suggested that ridges along the track be levelled out in order to facilitate free movement for the animals.
In the historic city of Heidelberg in Germany, signs warn motorists to stop their cars to allow frogs
to cross the road. No motorist dare break this rule, and drivers apparently are known to stop and
actually assist the frogs in crossing the busy road.
Rajaji Park is the last bastion where elephants still survive in north-west India. Surely, it is not too much to ask that we allow these majestic animals to live with dignity and without fear.
Rashmi Sehgal
b. Notes, Examine the following notes. (You should read the report again before examining the
notes.)
Killing tracks
Problem of the elephants The Rajaji National Park railway track, a killer track.
Elephants frequently get killed and maimed. Proposals to save the animals
the area to be declared a caution zone where maximum speed to be 20 Kmp
iL drivers to be given high frequency whistles to alert elephants. ii. trenches to be built and ridges to be levelled out along the track.
iv. in Heidelberg in Germany cars stop for frogs to cross the road. Appeal: Let these animals live with dignity and without fear.
3.
e. Summary: The following is the summary of the report in (a). But there are blanks to fill in. Fill in the blanks by re-reading the report and the notes. Remember each dash( stands for a single word only.
old
The
where elephants get
and
railway track has turned into a very To save these
this park area should be declared
20 Kmph
where trains
maximum at a
should be given
Note-making and Summarizing
track runs through a national park.
157
Another proposal is to sensitize the railway staff and give every tren driver a high freesty whistle to alert the elephants and to keep them away from the track. Despite their huge fan like ears, elephants can hear only high frequency sounds
Another suggestion is to build trenches along the track to prevent elephants from walking onto the
track. It is also suggested that ridges along the track be levelled out in order to facilitate fee movement for the animals. In the historic city of Heidelberg in Germany, signs warn motorists to stop their cars to allow frogs
to cross the road. No motorist dare break this rule, and drivers apparently are t own to stop and
actually assist the frogs in crossing the busy road.
Rajaji Park is the last bastion where elephants still survive in north-west India. Surely, it is not too
much to ask that we allow these majestic animals to live with dignity and without fear.
Rashmi Sehgal
b. Notes. Examine the following notes. (You should read the report again before examining the
notes)
Killing tracks
Problem of the elephants
The Rajaji National Park railway track, a killer track. Elephants frequently get killed and maimed.
Proposals to save the animals
the area to be declared a caution zone where maximum speed to be 20 Kmph 丑 drivers to be given high frequency whistles to alert elephants.
trenches to be built and ridges to be levelled out along the track
in Heidelberg in Germany cars stop for frogs to cross the road.
3. Appeal: Let these animals live with dignity and without fear.
C. Summary: The following is the summary of the report in (a). But there are blanks for you to fill in. Fill in the blanks by re-reading the report and the notes. Remember each dash(
stands for a single word only.
The
old
and
railway track has turned into a
track.
from
where elephants get
this park area should be declared
very
where trains should
maximum at a
20 Kmph.
To save these
should be given
.png)
0 Comments